New Delhi, Dec 9th : .Scientists have discovered a faster way to predict space weather using the Solar Radio Bursts of the Sun.
These are emitted by Coronal Mass Ejections of the Sun.They have been shown to accurately predict space weather hazards quickly, with the aid of ground-based instruments.Solar eruptions, primarily driven by coronal mass ejections or solar flares, influences space weather, and predicting space weather hazards is crucial as it impacts satellite communication, telecommunication, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), and so on.Radiations from such solar eruptions are also hazardous for the astronauts and crew of the flights.Therefore, it is a challenging task for scientists to predict and forecast space weather, a release from the Ministry of Science & Technology said.Forecasters use ground-based instruments and satellites to monitor the active regions of the Sun for any changes to predict hazardous space weather events.
This takes place mainly through remote observations of the sun’s coronal mass ejections.However, CMEs take 1-5 days to reach us, thus delaying the tracking by that period.Scientists from the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), an independent Institute of the Department of Science and Technology, and collaborators around the globe have reported that a type of radio burst observed using the global network of radio telescopes called CALLISTO (Compound Astronomical Lower-cost Low-frequency Instrument for Spectroscopy and Transportable Observatory), can be used to quickly predict space weather hazards.“Radio bursts at low frequencies are associated with energetic CMEs that travel far into the interplanetary (IP) medium much faster, thus speeding up the tracking process,” the release said.The speed of the shock due to radio bursts makes their measurements possible using ground-based radio telescopes in comparison to the detection of CMEs in-situ through space-based telescopes 1-5 days later.A.C.Umuhire, University of Rwanda, J Uwamahoro University of Rwanda and K Sasikumar Raja Indian Institute of Astrophysics, A.Kumari University of Helsinki and C.Monstein Istituto Ricerche Soli (IRSOL (Switzerland), analysed 51 high frequency SRB types called HF Type 2 bursts from CALLISTO at different longitudes around Earth.Three of them in operation in India are at Gauribidanur (Karnataka), Udaipur (Rajasthan), and Ooty (Tamil Nadu).“The global network enables monitoring the radio emissions from the Sun 24X 7, providing opportunity for statistical study of radio bursts,” the release said.Scientists discovered that Type II bursts, a type of slow-drifting solar radio burst, are early indicators of incoming space weather events that could impact the Earth.“As the radio emissions arrive Earth within eight minutes, while the CMEs take 1-5 days to reach us, depending on their speeds and direction of arrival, ground-based cost-effective low-frequency, radio telescopes could play a crucial role in predicting and forecasting the space weather hazards,” said Dr K.Sasikumar Raja from the IIA.Their research, published in ‘Advances in Space Research Journal’, found a good correlation between the average shock speed measured using ground-based radio observations and those derived using the space-based coronagraphs (aboard SOHO/LASCO and STEREO spacecraft).Raja stated, “This result implies the ground-based radio observations can help in predicting space weather hazards even when the space-based instruments are not available.”niv/vd
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